01 · The problem
What was wrong
An employee on official travel is not at their biometric terminal, so the day has to be credited some other way. The proof is a Certificate of Appearance — a signed slip from wherever they actually went, which someone then has to match against the approved travel order before the day counts toward payroll.
On paper that means slips changing hands, disputes about whether one was ever submitted, and encoders reconciling documents against a payroll period that is about to lock.